matricaria

Matricaria is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, comprising several chamomile species. The best known is Matricaria chamomilla, commonly called German chamomile (syn. Chamomilla recutita). Some taxonomic treatments place Chamomilla as a separate genus, with Matricaria and Chamomilla representing closely related groups.

Matricaria species are annual or perennial herbs with slender, branched stems and finely cut, aromatic leaves. The flowering heads are solitary at the ends of stems and consist of white ray florets surrounding a yellow disk; the heads emit a characteristic sweet scent when crushed.

Native to Europe and western Asia, Matricaria has become naturalized in many regions worldwide. They prefer sunny, well-drained soils and are commonly found in fields, meadows, and disturbed habitats such as roadsides. They typically flower in mid to late summer.

The dried flower heads are used to make chamomile tea and infusions; essential oils and extracts are employed in cosmetics and aromatherapy. Chemically, Matricaria contains terpenoids such as chamazulene and bisabolol, and flavonoids such as apigenin.

Cultivation and handling: Matricaria is propagated from seeds and grows best in sunny locations with well-drained soil. Flowers are harvested when fully opened and dried to preserve aroma and bioactive constituents. In commerce, chamomile products are sold as dried blossoms or as essential oil.

Safety: Chamomile is generally safe for most people in typical uses but can cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae. People with known allergies or who are pregnant should consult a healthcare professional before use.