chamomile

Chamomile refers to several daisy-like plants in the Asteraceae family that are valued for their flowers. The two most widely used species are German chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). Both are herbaceous plants with fine, feathery leaves and small white ray florets surrounding a yellow central disk.

German chamomile is typically an annual; Roman chamomile is a creeping perennial. They are grown in temperate regions worldwide, preferring well-drained soil and full sun. Flowers are harvested when fully open and dried for teas or processed to extract essential oils used in cosmetics and medicines.

Uses and preparations: The dried flowers are commonly brewed as an herbal tea believed to aid sleep and digestion. The essential oil is used topically and in aromatherapy for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. Pharmacological evidence suggests modest benefits for anxiety and insomnia in some studies, but results are mixed and quality varies.

Constituents: The essential oil contains compounds such as chamazulene and α-bisabolol; flavonoids including apigenin contribute to activity. The exact effect depends on species, growing conditions, and processing.

Safety and regulation: Chamomile is generally safe for many people when used in food amounts. Allergic reactions can occur, particularly in individuals sensitive to other plants in the Asteraceae family. Possible interactions with anticoagulants or sedatives may occur; safety in pregnancy has not been established. Consult a healthcare provider for medical use beyond tea.