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Marriage is a legal union between two people, typically involving a ceremony and the exchange of vows. It is a significant social institution in many cultures, often symbolizing love, commitment, and the establishment of a family unit. The term "marriage" originates from the Latin word "mariage," which means "a joining together." Historically, marriage has been a means of social and economic stability, providing a framework for child-rearing and inheritance.

In many societies, marriage is governed by laws and traditions that dictate the rights and responsibilities of spouses. These can include issues such as property division, inheritance, and child custody. The ceremony itself can vary widely, from elaborate religious rituals to simple civil ceremonies. In some cultures, marriage is seen as a contract between two individuals, while in others, it is considered a sacred bond.

Marriage can take various forms, including monogamous, polygamous, and polyandrous relationships. Monogamy, the most common form, involves one man and one woman. Polygamy, on the other hand, allows for multiple spouses, which can be practiced in various forms such as polygyny (one man with multiple wives) or polyandry (one woman with multiple husbands). The practice of polygamy is legal in some countries but illegal in others.

Marriage is not universally practiced. Some individuals choose to live in committed relationships without formalizing them through marriage. These relationships, often referred to as common-law marriages or civil unions, offer many of the same legal protections as traditional marriages. Additionally, some cultures and individuals may choose to enter into non-traditional relationships, such as same-sex marriages, which have gained legal recognition in many countries.

In conclusion, marriage is a complex and multifaceted institution that varies greatly across different cultures and societies. It serves as a symbol of commitment, a legal contract, and a social institution, playing a crucial role in the lives of many people around the world.