maradványfeszültségeket

Maradványfeszültség, also known as residual stress, refers to the internal stresses that remain within a material after all external forces have been removed. These stresses are locked into the material's structure and can arise from various manufacturing processes such as welding, casting, forging, machining, and heat treatment. They can also be induced by mechanical deformation, thermal expansion and contraction, or phase transformations.

The presence of maradványfeszültség can significantly affect a material's mechanical properties. Tensile residual stresses can reduce the fatigue life and fracture toughness of a component, making it more susceptible to cracking. Conversely, compressive residual stresses can improve these properties by counteracting applied tensile stresses.

Various methods are employed to measure maradványfeszültség, including destructive techniques like the hole drilling method and non-destructive techniques such as X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic testing. Understanding and controlling residual stresses is crucial in engineering design to ensure the reliability and longevity of manufactured parts, particularly in critical applications like aerospace, automotive, and structural engineering. Techniques like shot peening, laser peening, and annealing are often used to deliberately introduce beneficial residual stresses or to relieve harmful ones.