mansard

A mansard, or mansard roof, is a roof style featuring two distinct slopes on all sides. The upper slope is relatively shallow, while the lower slope is steep, producing a full upper floor beneath the roof. The top edge is typically bounded by a parapet, and dormers are often integrated into the lower slope to provide light and headroom. This design creates usable attic space often referred to as a garret.

Origin and name: The mansard was popularized in France in the 17th century by the architect François Mansart, though similar double-pitched roofs appeared earlier in Renaissance Europe. The term honors Mansart and became closely associated with Parisian architecture in the 19th century, notably during Haussmann’s renovation and the Second Empire style.

Variants and use: A true mansard has four sides with two pitches. Variations include asymmetrical forms and dormers that project from either the upper or lower slope. Common construction materials include slate, zinc, and tile. The style is valued for maximizing usable interior space within height restrictions, particularly in dense urban settings.

Regional and historical significance: Mansard roofs became a defining element of French urban architecture and spread to parts of Europe and North America during the 19th century. In modern times, they are most often found in historicist or revivalist buildings, where they preserve a classical silhouette while accommodating attic or top-floor living spaces.