maksabiopsiaa

Maksabiopsiaa, commonly referred to as a liver biopsy, is a medical procedure to obtain a small sample of liver tissue for histopathological examination. The goal is to diagnose liver disease, assess the severity of inflammation and fibrosis, monitor disease progression or response to therapy, and help guide treatment decisions.

Indications for maksabiopsiaa include unexplained elevated liver enzymes, suspected or known chronic hepatitis, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis staging, autoimmune or drug-induced liver injury, storage disorders, and evaluation of focal liver lesions or before certain treatments. Imaging and non-invasive tests may be used to triage when biopsy is not clearly necessary.

There are several approaches to retrieve liver tissue. The most common is percutaneous liver biopsy, usually ultrasound-guided, where a needle passes through the skin to sample liver tissue. Transjugular liver biopsy accesses the liver via the hepatic vein and is preferred when there is a risk of bleeding or ascites. Laparoscopic or open biopsy may be performed during abdominal surgery. A typical sampling yields one or more small cores of tissue for microscopic analysis.

Pre-procedure assessment includes coagulation tests, assessment of bleeding risk, imaging guidance, informed consent, and addressing fasting or medication adjustments. After the procedure, patients are monitored for several hours for potential complications and advised to limit heavy activity for days to weeks. Common risks include bleeding, pain at the puncture site, infection, and, less commonly, injury to nearby organs or pneumothorax.

Interpretation of results focuses on inflammation, fat accumulation, and fibrosis, often using staging systems to assess disease severity. Limitations include sampling error and disease heterogeneity. Alternatives include non-invasive imaging-based elastography and serum fibrosis markers.