puncture

A puncture is a hole or opening created by a sharp object piercing a surface. The term can describe both the act of puncturing and the resulting lesion or perforation. Punctures occur in many contexts, including human or animal tissue, everyday objects, and manufactured materials.

Puncture wounds occur when a pointed object such as a nail, needle, or tooth penetrates the skin. They can be small and hard to see but may injure deeper tissues. Infection is a concern, and tetanus status may be reviewed. Because such wounds are narrow, debris and bacteria can be trapped, and healing can be slow. Medical evaluation is advised for deep wounds, contaminated wounds, or those near joints.

Medical puncture refers to procedures in which a needle or other instrument is inserted to access a body cavity, remove fluid, or deliver treatment. Examples include lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid and amniocentesis for fetal sampling. Procedures require sterile technique and often local anesthesia; possible complications include infection, bleeding, or headaches.

In materials science and engineering, puncture describes penetration of a material by a sharp object. Puncture resistance testing measures the force required to pierce films, textiles, foams, tires, or protective gear. Results inform packaging safety, product design, and quality control.

The word derives from Latin punctura, meaning a pricking or pierced wound. The concept of puncture spans medical, mechanical, and everyday uses, with emphasis on the interaction between a sharp object and a surface.