punctura

Punctura is a term used in medicine to describe two related concepts: a puncture wound, produced by a sharp object that penetrates the skin and deeper tissues, and the act of puncturing for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (puncture procedures). When used for injuries, puncture wounds are typically small entry points that may extend into soft tissue or joints.

Causes include nails, needles, splinters, animal bites, or stepping on sharp objects. The wound may bleed minimally but can introduce bacteria or foreign material into the wound tract. Because the entrance is usually small, the actual tissue damage can be deeper than it looks, increasing the risk of infection or damage to underlying structures such as tendons or joints.

Evaluation focuses on depth, contamination, and foreign bodies. Treatment usually involves cleaning and irrigation, removal of debris, and wound care. Tetanus vaccination status should be reviewed, and antibiotics are considered for dirty wounds, bites, or if the wound is at risk for infection. Deep or joint-involving punctures may require imaging or surgical assessment. Closure is often delayed for contaminated wounds.

Prevention includes prompt wound cleaning, protection from contamination, and timely tetanus immunization. Proper footwear and gloves during high-risk activities reduce risk. Most puncture wounds heal with appropriate care, but complications such as infection, abscess, or injury to tendons or nerves can occur, particularly in the hands and feet.

Note on terminology: In medical language, punctura can also denote procedures such as lumbar puncture or pleural puncture, which are diagnostic or therapeutic punctures performed under sterile conditions with a needle or catheter. These are distinct from puncture wounds in everyday injuries.