läkemedelsallergi

Läkemedelsallergi, also known as drug allergy, is an adverse reaction to a medication that involves the immune system. This reaction is not a side effect, which is a predictable and common consequence of a drug, but rather an unpredictable and often severe response triggered by the body's defense mechanisms. When a person is allergic to a medication, their immune system mistakenly identifies the drug or its breakdown products as a harmful invader and launches an attack.

Symptoms of a läkemedelsallergi can vary widely in severity and type. Mild reactions may include skin rashes, itching, or hives. More severe reactions can manifest as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Anaphylaxis is the most severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, characterized by a rapid onset of multiple symptoms affecting different body systems.

Diagnosing a läkemedelsallergi typically involves a thorough medical history, including detailed questioning about past drug reactions. Physical examination and specific diagnostic tests, such as skin prick tests or intradermal tests, may be performed to confirm the allergy. However, these tests are not available for all drugs and may not always be conclusive.

The primary treatment for a läkemedelsallergi is to immediately stop taking the offending medication and avoid it in the future. For mild symptoms, antihistamines or corticosteroids may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. In cases of anaphylaxis, immediate administration of epinephrine is crucial, followed by medical observation. Individuals with a diagnosed läkemedelsallergi should inform all healthcare providers about their allergy to prevent accidental exposure.