lumpektomie

Lumpektomie, also known as lumpectomy or breast-conserving surgery, is a surgical procedure that removes a malignant tumor from the breast together with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue while preserving most of the breast. The procedure is usually followed by radiotherapy to the remaining breast to reduce the risk of local recurrence.

Indications for lumpektomie include early-stage breast cancer or localized lesions where breast conservation is possible and desirable. It may also be chosen for benign lesions when preservation of breast tissue is preferred. The decision depends on tumor size, location, breast size, and patient preference, as well as overall health and treatment goals.

Procedure and perioperative care are typically as follows. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes a small incision over or near the tumor and removes the lesion with a margin of normal tissue. The excised specimen is oriented and examined by pathology, with margins assessed to ensure complete removal. A sentinel lymph node biopsy is commonly performed to evaluate axillary involvement; if nodes are positive, further assessment or dissection may be needed. If margins are not clear, a second operation may be required to obtain clear margins. The tumor is analyzed for receptor status to guide adjuvant therapy.

After lumpektomie, most patients receive radiotherapy to the remaining breast. Depending on tumor biology and risk factors, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy may be recommended. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, seroma, numbness, scarring, and cosmetic changes. Regular follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence and treatment effects.