lowpolygon

Lowpolygon, commonly written low-poly or low poly, describes three-dimensional models built from a relatively small number of polygons compared with high-polygon models. The resulting mesh is angular with flat facets, and the look emphasizes sharp edges and clear silhouette over fine surface detail. Low-polygon geometry is favored for real-time rendering where processing power and memory are constrained, though it is also used intentionally as a stylistic choice in art and design.

Originating from hardware limits in early 3D graphics, low-polygon modeling was standard for most games and simulations. As hardware advanced, high-polygon workflows became common, but the low-poly aesthetic persisted and gained renewed popularity in indie games, mobile apps, and digital art for its clarity and retro appeal.

Techniques to produce or reduce low-polygon models include setting a polygon budget, decimation, and retopology to preserve silhouette. Modern workflows frequently couple low-poly geometry with texture-based detail, normal maps, or vertex colors to imply depth without adding geometry. Level-of-detail systems adjust polygon count dynamically with distance to the camera.

Aesthetically, the low-poly style favors bold geometric forms, minimal textures, and flat or cel-shaded lighting. It is widely used in game art, architectural visualization, and educational content where legibility and performance are paramount. It can also serve as a stylized alternative to photorealism.

In contemporary production, low-polygon modeling remains a practical option for performance-critical projects and a deliberate artistic approach. It intersects with procedural generation, game engines, and asset pipelines that balance visuals, interactivity, and efficiency.