lotion

Lotion is a topical preparation applied to the skin to moisturize, protect, or deliver active ingredients. In cosmetic and pharmaceutical contexts, lotions are emulsions with a relatively high water content and a light, fluid texture. Most lotions are oil-in-water emulsions, though some water-in-oil formulations exist, and the formulation is chosen to balance spreading, absorption, and drying time.

Common ingredients include water, oils or esters, emulsifiers to stabilize the mixture, thickening agents to adjust viscosity, and humectants such as glycerin or propylene glycol to attract moisture. Preservatives prevent microbial growth, while fragrances or colorants are often added for consumer appeal. Medicated lotions may contain active ingredients such as corticosteroids, antifungals, or SPF compounds. The exact composition varies by intended use, skin type, and regulatory requirements.

Lotion is typically used for body and sometimes face care, offering hydration with a lighter feel than cream. It is designed to spread easily and absorb quickly, making it suitable for daily moisturizing, after-sun care, or delivery of topical medicines. Users may choose fragrance-free versions for sensitive skin or formulations with sun protection for daytime use.

Compared with creams, lotions have a higher water content and lower viscosity, resulting in a thinner, less greasy product. Safety considerations include patch testing for allergies, avoiding application on damaged skin or around the eyes, and following storage instructions to preserve stability.