lobbies

Lobbies are both physical spaces and political actors. In architecture, a lobby refers to an interior area near the main entrance of a building, used as a vestibule or reception space. Lobbies may serve as waiting areas, social hubs, and transition zones before accessing offices, theaters, hotels, or public institutions. They often feature design elements such as high ceilings, seating, information desks, signage, and security checkpoints.

In politics and public policy, a lobby (plural lobbies) or lobbying refers to organized efforts to influence government decisions. Lobbying can be conducted by professional firms, corporations, trade associations, labor unions, advocacy groups, think tanks, or individual citizens. Common activities include meeting with lawmakers, providing policy briefings or research, drafting proposed legislative language, testifying at hearings, and mobilizing grass-roots support. Lobbying aims to shape legislation, regulation, budget allocations, or agency rules, and may target executives, legislators, or regulatory agencies.

Regulation of lobbying varies by country and jurisdiction. Many places require registration of lobbyists, disclosure of clients, lobbying expenditures, and meetings with public officials. Ethics rules typically address conflicts of interest, gift limits, and the revolving door phenomenon where staff move between government and private lobbying roles. Critics argue that lobbying can give outsized influence to wealthy interests, while supporters contend it facilitates informed policymaking and open debate. Overall, lobbies—both physical and political—are common features of modern institutions, reflecting the interaction between spaces, power, and public policy.