lisäkalvolla

Lisäkalvolla, also known as *mesothelium* in English, refers to a thin layer of tissue that covers and protects various internal organs in the human body. It is primarily composed of a single layer of flat cells called mesothelial cells, which rest on a basement membrane. The term derives from the Greek words *meso* (meaning "middle") and *thele* (meaning "nipple" or "projection"), reflecting its location between other tissues and its role in lubrication and protection.

The mesothelium lines several body cavities, including the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs, the pericardial cavity around the heart, and the peritoneal cavity within the abdominal region. It also covers the surfaces of organs within these cavities, such as the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs. The primary function of the mesothelium is to reduce friction between moving organs and surfaces through the secretion of a fluid called serous fluid. This lubricating effect is essential for smooth organ movement, particularly during respiration and digestion.

In addition to its protective role, the mesothelium plays a part in immune defense, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair. It contains sensory nerve endings that detect pain, pressure, and other stimuli, contributing to the body’s sensory feedback mechanisms. However, due to its exposure to environmental factors and potential irritants, the mesothelium can be susceptible to diseases such as mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer often linked to asbestos exposure. Other conditions affecting the mesothelium include pleural effusion, pericarditis, and peritoneal adhesions, which can result from infections, inflammation, or trauma.

Diagnosis and treatment of mesothelial-related disorders often involve imaging techniques like X-rays or CT scans, along with biopsy procedures to examine tissue samples. Treatment approaches may include surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or supportive care, depending on the specific condition and its severity. Research into mesothelial biology continues to advance understanding of its functions and vulnerabilities, with potential implications for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.