limoniid

Limoniidae, commonly known as limoniid crane flies, is a family of flies in the order Diptera. They are one of several groups commonly referred to as crane flies; others include the true crane flies of Tipulidae. Limoniids are diverse, with thousands of described species found worldwide, especially in moist habitats.

Adults are slender, with long legs and delicate bodies. Body length ranges roughly from 4 to 30 mm, depending on species. Wings are typically long and narrow, with venation that is less complex than in some related families. Coloration is often dull brown or gray.

Larvae of Limoniidae occupy a variety of moist habitats. Many dwell in leaf litter, moss, or damp soil rich in organic matter; others develop in standing or slow-moving freshwater. They are predominantly detritivores or decomposers, feeding on decaying vegetation, algae, or microorganisms, while some species are omnivorous or predatory in the larval stage. Pupation usually occurs in moist substrate.

Adults have a short lifespan and are primarily focused on reproduction. They may feed on nectar and other floral resources, but many individuals do not feed at all as adults. Activity is seasonal and often tied to moisture conditions.

Limoniidae are globally distributed, with higher species diversity in temperate to tropical regions. They are not typically major agricultural pests, though larvae in moist lawns or damp soil can occasionally be considered nuisances. The family contains multiple subfamilies and numerous genera, reflecting a broad range of morphological and ecological diversity.