ligamentskada

Ligamentskada, or ligament injury, is damage to the ligaments, the tough bands that stabilize joints by connecting bones. Injuries occur when a ligament is overstretched or torn, typically as a result of a sudden twist, direct impact, or overuse. Most injuries are sprains, classified by severity from Grade I (mild stretch) to Grade II (partial tear) and Grade III (complete rupture). In some cases, the force may cause an avulsion where a piece of bone is pulled off with the ligament.

Common locations include the ankle (often from inversion injuries affecting the lateral ligaments such as the anterior talofibular ligament), the knee (notably the ACL and MCL), and the wrist (various ligaments around the carpal bones). Other joints, including the shoulder, elbow, and hip, can also be affected.

Signs and symptoms typically include pain, swelling, bruising, reduced range of motion, and a sense of joint instability, especially with weight-bearing or movement. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and imaging when needed. X-rays help rule out fractures; MRI provides detailed information about ligament integrity, while ultrasound can be useful for some injuries.

Treatment aims to protect the joint, control pain, and restore function. Acute care often involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), immobilization or bracing, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Early gradual rehabilitation focusing on mobility, strength, and proprioception is essential. Severe sprains or complete ruptures, or injuries with persistent instability, may require surgical repair or reconstruction, followed by extensive rehabilitation. Recovery time varies by joint and injury, from a few weeks for minor ankle sprains to several months for major knee ligament injuries. Preventive measures include proper conditioning, neuromuscular training, and appropriate protective gear.