latock

Latock refers to a type of architectural feature commonly found in medieval fortifications, particularly castles and towers. The term originates from the Old English *lat* (meaning "wide") and *toc* (meaning "roof" or "cover"), though its exact etymology is debated. In castle architecture, a latock is a small, projecting turret or bastion that extends from the main structure, often serving both defensive and decorative purposes.

Latocks were frequently used in Norman and early medieval castles, particularly in England, where they became a hallmark of Romanesque military architecture. Their primary function was to provide additional defensive positions for archers or soldiers, allowing for crossfire coverage of approaching enemies. The protruding design also helped to distribute weight and reinforce the walls, improving structural stability. In some cases, latocks were equipped with murder holes—small openings through which defenders could drop objects or pour boiling liquids on attackers below.

Beyond their defensive role, latocks contributed to the aesthetic appeal of castles, adding visual interest and complexity to the overall design. They were often adorned with battlements, crenellations, or decorative stonework, reflecting the evolving tastes of medieval builders. While latocks declined in popularity after the 13th century as castle architecture shifted toward more elaborate and fortified styles like the concentric castle, they remain a distinctive feature of early medieval fortifications.

Today, latocks are studied by historians and architects as examples of medieval engineering and design. Many surviving castles, such as those in the English counties of Yorkshire and Warwickshire, feature well-preserved latocks, offering insights into the defensive strategies of the period. Their study also highlights the interplay between functionality and artistry in medieval construction.