laojuhtimine

Laojuhtimine, or warehouse management, refers to the planning, organizing, and controlling of the operations involved in receiving, storing, and moving goods within a warehouse and between the warehouse and customers. It is a core component of supply chain management, aimed at ensuring goods are available where and when they are needed while minimizing cost and handling.

Key functions include receiving and inspection of goods, put-away and storage, inventory control, order picking, packing, and shipping. Returns processing and reverse logistics are often included. Effective laojuhtimine relies on accurate inventory records, proper layout to maximize space and flow, and efficient labor utilization. Common storage strategies include fixed-location shelving, zone picking, batch picking, and FIFO or FEFO inventory methods depending on product characteristics.

Technology plays a central role. A warehouse management system (WMS) tracks stock levels, directs put-away and picking, and integrates with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Barcoding and RFID enable real-time visibility, while automation such as conveyor systems, autonomous mobile robots, and automated storage/retrieval systems can increase throughput.

There are various warehouse types, including private (company-owned), public, and contract warehouses. Operational roles typically include a warehouse manager, supervisors, inventory control specialists, and forklift and material-handling staff. Key performance indicators often focus on inventory accuracy, order pick rate, on-time shipment, space utilization, and labor productivity.

Challenges in laojuhtimine include demand fluctuations, peak periods, labor costs, safety compliance, and maintaining accuracy across locations. Effective warehouse management seeks to balance service level, cost, and scalability within the broader supply chain.