lADHD

Late-diagnosed ADHD (lADHD) is a term used to describe people who receive an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in adolescence or adulthood, even though they had symptoms since childhood. It is not a distinct condition, but reflects the timing of recognition and formal diagnosis.

In adults, the presentation often differs from that seen in children. Predominantly inattentive symptoms such as forgetfulness, distractibility, and disorganization may be more prominent, while hyperactivity is less obvious and may appear as restlessness or a constant need to move. These symptoms can impair work, education, and relationships and may persist despite coping strategies used earlier in life.

Diagnosis can be challenging. The DSM-5 requires evidence of several symptoms before age 12, but many adults lack reliable early records or were not diagnosed during childhood. Girls and women are especially prone to later recognition due to subtler signs and compensatory strategies. Common comorbidities include anxiety, mood disorders, learning difficulties, and substance use, which can complicate assessment.

Treatment generally follows evidence-based guidelines for adults with ADHD. Pharmacotherapy may include stimulant medications such as methylphenidate or amphetamines, along with non-stimulants like atomoxetine or guanfacine. Psychosocial approaches—such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, coaching, and organizational skills training—are often used in combination with medication. Sleep, exercise, and structured routines can support management, as can reasonable workplace or academic accommodations.

With proper assessment and management, individuals with lADHD can reduce impairment and improve quality of life. Delayed diagnosis may contribute to distress, but recognizing and treating the condition can address long-standing challenges.