kwashiorkori

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by edema, particularly in the lower extremities, and skin lesions. It is primarily caused by a deficiency in protein intake, often in the presence of adequate calorie intake. This protein deficiency leads to a disruption in fluid balance, resulting in the accumulation of fluid in the tissues.

The condition is most commonly seen in children in developing countries who are weaned from breast milk onto a diet low in protein and high in carbohydrates. Symptoms can include a swollen abdomen, changes in skin and hair color, apathy, and a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Skin manifestations can range from dry and flaky to dark, hyperpigmented, and desquamating patches. Hair may become brittle, sparse, and discolored, often taking on a reddish or yellowish hue.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and symptoms, along with a nutritional assessment. Treatment involves a gradual reintroduction of protein and essential nutrients, along with addressing any underlying infections or other medical conditions. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term health consequences. Kwashiorkor is a serious global health concern, highlighting the importance of access to balanced nutrition, especially for vulnerable populations.