kovalentseid

Kovalentseid is not a standard term in modern chemistry, but it is sometimes used to describe substances that are bonded throughout the bulk by covalent bonds, forming a continuous three‑dimensional network. In such covalent‑network solids, atoms are linked by strong covalent bonds with no discrete molecules in the bulk.

This distinguishes network solids from molecular covalent compounds, which consist of individual molecules held together by weaker intermolecular forces. Examples of covalent‑network materials include diamond (carbon), quartz (silicon dioxide), silicon carbide (SiC), and boron nitride in its cubic form.

Some polymers form cross‑linked covalent networks, where the polymer chains are connected by covalent bonds, increasing rigidity and thermal stability.

Key properties of covalent‑network materials are high melting points and hardness, due to strong bonds. They are often chemically inert and exhibit low electrical conductivity, though certain network semiconductors (e.g., doped SiC) can conduct electricity. Optical properties vary; diamond is transparent across a broad spectrum, while others may be opaque.

Natural occurrences include diamond and quartz; synthetic versions are produced by high‑temperature/high‑pressure methods or chemical vapor deposition, among other techniques. Applications include abrasives and cutting tools (diamond), ceramics (silicon carbide, boron nitride), and wide‑bandgap electronics.

Note: kovalentseid is not a widely used formal classification; when encountered, it typically refers to covalent‑network characteristics rather than a distinct chemical entity.