koudwerk

Koudwerk is a term used in metalworking to describe forming operations conducted at temperatures below the material's recrystallization temperature, typically at or near room temperature. It encompasses processes such as cold rolling, cold drawing, cold extrusion, stamping, bending, and punching. The term contrasts with hot work, which is performed after heating the material above its recrystallization temperature.

During koudwerk, plastic deformation causes work hardening, raising strength and hardness while reducing ductility. The processes generally achieve tighter tolerances and superior surface finish and allow closer control of dimensions without resurfacing. However, higher forming forces, greater tool wear, and reduced ductility can limit the size and shape of parts and may introduce residual stresses.

Common materials include steel, aluminum, copper alloys, and stainless steel. Typical applications are automotive body parts, fasteners, electrical components, pipes and tubes, and various hardware items. Equipment ranges from presses and stamping lines to tube drawing machines and cold rolling mills, often with lubrication and controlled speeds to manage friction and heat buildup.

Quality control in koudwerk emphasizes dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and residual stress assessment, using metrology, hardness testing, and sometimes X-ray diffraction. Safety concerns include pinch points, noise, and cold metal burns; proper lubrication, tooling, and protective equipment are standard.