korpuslingvistika

Korpuslingvistika (corpus linguistics) is a methodological approach within linguistics that analyzes language data drawn from corpora—large, digitally encoded collections of authentic written and spoken texts. The core idea is that systematic study of real-language usage reveals patterns of frequency, variation, and structure that are difficult to infer from isolated sentences.

Corpora in korpuslingvistika are often annotated to enable complex analysis. Common annotations include part-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, syntactic parsing, named entity recognition, and semantic roles. Researchers may use monolingual corpora to study a single language, parallel corpora to compare translations, or multilingual and spoken corpora to examine cross-linguistic patterns and discourse features. Outputs frequently include frequency lists, concordances, collocation and n-gram analyses, and sketch grammars that summarize typical word behavior.

Methodologically, korpuslingvistika involves corpus construction, data cleaning, and careful selection to ensure representativeness and reproducibility. Researchers must consider sampling bias, text genres, register, time periods, and copyright constraints. Inter-annotator reliability is a common concern in annotation projects, and open sharing of data and methods is increasingly prioritized.

Applications span lexicography, language documentation, sociolinguistics, language teaching, and natural language processing. Corpus-based insights inform dictionary entries, grammar descriptions, and language policy, and they underpin evaluation metrics for NLP systems. The field continues to evolve with larger, more diverse corpora, advances in annotation schemes, and interdisciplinary collaboration.