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A container orchestration platform is a system used to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. These platforms simplify the complexities of running applications composed of many individual containers, which are self-contained units of software. They handle tasks such as distributing containers across a cluster of machines, ensuring that a desired number of container instances are always running, and managing network communication between containers.

Key functionalities of container orchestration platforms include service discovery, load balancing, health monitoring, and automated rollouts and rollbacks. Service discovery allows containers to find and communicate with each other without manual configuration. Load balancing distributes incoming traffic across multiple container instances to prevent any single instance from becoming overloaded and to improve availability. Health monitoring continuously checks the status of containers and automatically replaces unhealthy ones. Automated rollouts and rollbacks enable the seamless updating of applications with minimal downtime, and the ability to quickly revert to a previous version if issues arise.

Popular examples of container orchestration platforms include Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and Apache Mesos. Kubernetes, developed by Google, has become the de facto standard in the industry due to its robustness, extensibility, and large community support. Docker Swarm is a simpler alternative integrated directly into the Docker engine, making it easier for users already familiar with Docker. Apache Mesos, while more general-purpose, can also be used for container orchestration. The choice of platform often depends on the specific needs of an organization, its existing infrastructure, and the technical expertise of its team.