konservatizm

Konserwatyzm is a political philosophy and public ideology that centers on preserving established institutions, practices, and hierarchies that are seen as the product of historical experience. It argues that social order emerges gradually and that deliberate, rapid change can be disruptive and risky.

Core ideas include tradition as a reservoir of social wisdom, skepticism toward utopian schemes and abstract rationalism, the legitimacy of authority and social hierarchy as organized by family, church, property, and community, and the importance of the rule of law, prudence, and civic virtue. Change and reform are understood as legitimate but should be gradual and tested against tradition and experience; institutions tend to adapt rather than be replaced.

Economically and socially, conservatives often defend private property and a market order while supporting some form of social obligations or welfare to maintain social cohesion. State power is typically viewed as legitimate primarily to maintain order, protect the nation, and uphold moral norms rather than to engineer comprehensive social engineering.

Variants include classical conservatism (often associated with Burkean thought), Christian democratic and traditionalist strands, nationalist or culturally conservative trends, and modern blends such as conservative liberalism or compassionate conservatism. Across countries and periods, conservative movements differ in emphasis and policy.

In Poland, konservatyzm generally refers to currents prioritizing national tradition, Catholic values, and social stability. It has historically overlapped with efforts to preserve religious and cultural institutions within the Polish state and is associated with center-right to right-wing approaches that advocate gradual reform, national sovereignty, and social conservatism.

Critics argue conservatism can resist necessary social progress or perpetuate inequality, while supporters contend it provides continuity, social cohesion, and prudent governance.