kolmvärviliset

Kolmvärvilised refers to a specific characteristic or classification, often encountered in contexts related to genetics or breeding, particularly with animals. The term literally translates from Estonian as "three-colored." This descriptor is most commonly applied to cats, where it denotes a coat pattern featuring three distinct colors. These three colors are typically black, red (or orange), and white.

The genetic basis for the kolmvärvilised coat pattern in cats is linked to the X chromosome. The gene responsible for red or black pigment is located on the X chromosome. Females, possessing two X chromosomes, can inherit both the gene for red pigment and the gene for black pigment, leading to a mosaic pattern of these colors in their fur. The presence of white spotting is controlled by a separate gene. Therefore, kolmvärvilised cats are almost exclusively female, as males, with only one X chromosome, can typically only express one of the two pigments (red or black) along with white.

While most commonly associated with cats, the concept of three distinct colorations can also appear in other animal breeding contexts, though the term "kolmvärvilised" itself is specifically Estonian and most directly applies to the feline phenotype. This coat pattern is often referred to by other names in different languages and cultures, such as tortoiseshell or calico in English. These color combinations are purely cosmetic and do not indicate any difference in health or temperament from other cats.