feline

Feline is an adjective and noun used to refer to cats or cat-like animals. In biology, it denotes members of the family Felidae, which encompasses the domestic cat (Felis catus, often listed as Felis silvestris catus) and a broad lineage of wild cats ranging from small species to the big cats.

Taxonomy and traits: Felidae is in the order Carnivora and is divided into subfamilies such as Pantherinae (lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars) and Felinae (smaller cats, including the domestic cat). Members are obligate carnivores with specialized teeth (including canines and carnassials), flexible bodies, and retractile claws. They possess acute night vision, a keen sense of hearing, and sensitive whiskers that detect air currents and touch. Most have a lithe build, flexible spine, and tails that aid balance. Coat patterns vary widely and often serve as camouflage.

Domestic cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus (syn. Felis silvestris catus), is widely kept as a companion animal, though wild relatives remain integral to ecosystems and zoos. Domestication occurred roughly 9,000–10,000 years ago in the Near East. Cats range in temperament and social behavior, but many are territorial and skilled solitary hunters. Communication includes vocalizations, body language, scent marking, and social grooming.

Conservation and health: Wild felids face habitat loss, fragmentation, and human conflict, with several species threatened. Domestic cats require regular veterinary care, vaccination, parasite control, and proper nutrition. Lifespans commonly range from 12 to 15 years for pets, with many living longer. In science and culture, felines are studied for anatomy, behavior, and evolutionary relationships within Felidae.