kohinad

Kohinad is a traditional South Indian textile art form originating from the coastal regions of Kerala, particularly the Malabar district. The craft involves intricate hand-embroidery on plain white cotton fabric, creating delicate patterns that often feature floral motifs, paisleys, and geometric designs. The term "kohinad" is derived from the Malayalam word *kohi*, meaning "needle," reflecting the meticulous needlework involved in the process.

The technique typically uses a variety of embroidery stitches, including the *kohi* (running stitch), *kallu* (chain stitch), and *kudum* (buttonhole stitch), to achieve its characteristic texture and depth. The designs are often symmetrical and follow traditional patterns, with motifs like *muttuvilla* (butterfly), *kalluvila* (flower), and *kallumala* (leaf) being common. Kohinad is frequently used to adorn women’s traditional attire, such as *mundu* (dhotis), *kasavu mundu*, and *nettipattam* (headscarves), as well as home furnishings like bedspreads and curtains.

The craft has historical significance, dating back several centuries, and was traditionally practiced by women within families as a means of cultural expression and economic sustenance. Over time, it has evolved to incorporate modern influences while retaining its authenticity. Kohinad is recognized for its fine detail and artistic value, making it a cherished element of Kerala’s cultural heritage. Today, artisans continue to preserve the technique, though challenges such as declining demand and competition from mass-produced textiles pose threats to its survival. Efforts by government bodies, NGOs, and cultural organizations aim to promote and sustain this heritage craft.