kognitivnobihevioralnu

Kognitivnobihevioralnu terapiju, commonly referred to as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to modify unhelpful thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The goal is to alleviate distress by changing patterns of thinking and by altering behaviors that contribute to emotional problems.

CBT has its roots in the work of pioneers such as Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis in the mid-20th century. Beck developed cognitive therapy to challenge distorted thinking, while Ellis introduced rational-emotive approaches. Over time, these elements were integrated into a structured, problem-focused framework that is typically time-limited and collaborative between therapist and client.

Core components of CBT include identifying and challenging maladaptive beliefs through cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation to increase engagement in positive activities, exposure techniques for anxiety and phobias, and skills training such as problem-solving, relaxation, and coping strategies. Clients usually complete homework assignments to practice new skills between sessions, reinforcing learning and progress.

CBT is widely applied across many conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, phobias, insomnia, and some eating and substance-use disorders. It is supported by a robust evidence base and is commonly recommended as a first-line treatment, either alone or alongside medication, depending on the condition and individual needs.

Delivery formats vary and can be in individual, group, or online formats. Sessions are typically brief and structured, often 5–20 meetings, and may be manual-guided to ensure consistency. While highly effective for many, CBT may not suit everyone, and access to trained therapists or cultural adaptations can influence outcomes.