klaasikiud

Klaasikiud, known in English as glass fibers, are thin filaments made from molten glass that are drawn into continuous strands and used as reinforcement and insulation in a variety of products. They are typically produced by passing molten glass through a bushing to form fine filaments, which are gathered into rovings, twisted into yarns, or processed into fabrics, mats, or chopped strands. Common glass types include E-glass (excellent insulation and good mechanical properties), S-glass (higher strength), and C-glass (alkali resistant).

Klaasikiud are valued for high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, and good chemical and heat resistance. They offer electrical insulation and dimensional stability, making them suitable for composite materials used in automotive, aerospace, wind energy, and construction. In polymer matrices, glass fibers reinforce materials to form glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP); in cementitious systems, they reinforce glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC). They are also used in high-temperature insulation and in protective textiles. Surface treatments, or sizings, are commonly applied to improve adhesion between glass fibers and resins or matrices.

Properties can vary by type and fiber treatment. Glass fibers are stiff and brittle, and their performance can be affected by moisture uptake if not properly sized or coated. Handling safety is important: inhalation of respirable fibers can irritate airways, and skin or eye contact should be avoided without protection. Recycling and end-of-life management focus on reuse in composites or containment within cementitious products.

Klaasikiud have a long history of industrial use since the mid-20th century and remain a foundational material in modern composite technologies and building applications.