There are several types of chemical storage cabinets. General purpose cabinets are for non‑hazardous or low‑hazard chemicals and typically contain single or double shelves. Flammable chemical cabinets are rated for flammable liquids and solids and feature explosion‑proof or flammable‑grade construction, inert gas purging or sealed compartments. Corrosive or toxic chemical cabinets include special materials that resist aggressive chemicals and are often sealed to prevent gas release. Heavy chemical cabinets are reinforced to support large, heavy containers commonly used in industrial or laboratory settings.
Key safety features include fire‑resistant construction, proper ventilation, spill containment trays, child‑proof or supervisory locks, and chemical‑resistant internal linings. Many cabinets are fitted with built‑in fire extinguishing systems such as halon or CO₂. The cabinet doors are often designed to prevent accidental opening, and the cabinets may provide alarms or sensors to detect fire or chemical leaks.
Regulatory requirements for chemical storage cabinets vary by country. In Finland, cabinets for chemicals which are GHS (Globally Harmonized System) hazardous must meet the Finnish Work Environment Act (Työterveyslaki) and Finnish Work Environment Authority guidelines. In the European Union, the REACH regulation and the EU Seventh Seves (safety in case of emergency) snap code specify performance criteria for cabinet fire ratings and ventilation. In the United States OSHA and NFPA 30, NFPA 25 and ANSI/AIHA standards set minimum safety and performance requirements.
Regular maintenance, cleaning, and inspection are essential. Each cabinet should be inspected for corrosion, structural damage, and function of fire suppression and ventilation systems. Shelf spacing and labeling of the contents must follow the manufacturer’s instructions and regulatory requirements. A record of inspections, maintenance activities, and incidents should be kept in accordance with local regulations and company policies.
Using a properly rated chemical storage cabinet reduces the risk of chemical accidents, protects employees and the environment, and helps maintain compliance with legal requirements. However, cabinets have limitations. They are generally designed for specific types of chemicals, and excessive temperature or humidity can compromise their integrity. Not all chemicals are suitable for cabinet storage; some chemicals may need specialized containment such as liners or laboratories with dedicated ventilation. Careful assessment of the chemicals’ properties, intended use, and the surrounding environment is necessary before selecting the appropriate cabinet type.