karyopherinek
Karyopherins are a family of nuclear transport receptors that mediate the selective movement of proteins and ribonucleoprotein particles through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. They include import receptors (importins) and export receptors (exportins). The best characterized exportin is CRM1/XPO1, while the import machinery involves importin-β1 and its partners, such as importin-α (an adaptor).
Mechanism: Cargo proteins bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) are captured by importins; cargoes bearing a
Structure: Many karyopherins consist of HEAT repeats that form elongated, flexible structures suitable for diverse cargo
Biological significance: Karyopherins regulate the localization of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, ribonucleoprotein particles, and other regulators,
Evolution and redundancy: In eukaryotes, a family of several karyopherins exists with varying cargo specificities and