kardiomiopátiák

Kardiomiopátiák refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. These conditions can arise from various causes, including genetic factors, infections, long-term high blood pressure, or alcohol abuse. The term itself originates from Greek words meaning "heart muscle disease."

There are several main types of cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged and weakened left ventricle, which struggles to pump blood effectively. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves a thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle, which can obstruct blood flow. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common type and occurs when the heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible, preventing the ventricles from filling properly with blood. Less common forms also exist, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can vary depending on the type and severity, but often include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), and chest pain. In some cases, individuals may experience no symptoms at all. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy.

Treatment strategies aim to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the heart's function. These may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce fluid buildup, and manage arrhythmias. In more severe cases, devices like pacemakers or defibrillators might be implanted, or surgical procedures and even heart transplantation may be considered. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with cardiomyopathy.