Restrictive

Restrictive is an adjective that describes something tending to limit or impose constraints. It is used to denote rules, measures, or conditions that reduce freedom of action, scope, or capability. The term appears across disciplines to signal constraints placed on behavior, access, or options.

In grammar, a restrictive clause, also called a defining clause, is essential to identifying the noun it modifies. It contrasts with a nonrestrictive (nonessential) clause, which adds extra information. Punctuation differs: restrictive clauses are not set off by commas. Examples: The students who passed the exam will graduate; The students, who passed the exam, will graduate (nonrestrictive).

In law and contract drafting, restrictive often refers to covenants and provisions that limit actions. Restrictive covenants may prohibit competition, solicitation, or certain activities after employment or business deals. Enforceability depends on jurisdiction, context, and reasonableness, with courts weighing legitimate business interests against workers’ or parties’ freedom to operate.

In medicine and policy language, restrictive describes processes that limit capacity, such as restrictive lung disease, which reduces lung expansion. The term also appears in policy discussions to describe constraints on immigration, funding, or access. Across fields, restrictive language signals constraint and a narrowing of options.