kalkdannende
Kalkdannende is an adjective used in Scandinavian languages to describe substances, processes or conditions that promote the formation of kalk, i.e., calcium carbonate deposits commonly known as limescale. In water chemistry and industrial contexts, kalkdannende properties refer to the tendency of water or equipment conditions to produce scale deposits inside pipes, boilers, kettles and heat exchangers.
The formation mechanism involves water containing dissolved calcium ions (Ca2+) and carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions. When
Kalkdannende deposits have practical consequences. They reduce heat transfer efficiency in boilers and heat exchangers, increase
Mitigation and management options include water softening or conditioning to reduce calcium and carbonate ions, the