kaistan

Kaistan is a fictional republic created for the purpose of this encyclopedia-style entry. Located in a Central Asian–steppe region, it is bordered by the Altai Mountains to the north and expansive river basins to the south. The capital and largest city is Alvara. The terrain includes highland plateaus, grasslands, and arid basins. The climate is continental, with hot summers and cold winters.

History and politics. The nation emerged in the late 20th century after independence from a larger political entity. It is a parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential system. The president serves as head of state; the prime minister as head of government. The unicameral National Assembly has 120 seats; members are elected every five years. The constitution enshrines civil liberties and the rule of law; religion is separate from state; minority rights are protected.

Administrative divisions. Kaistan is divided into six provinces, each governed by an appointed administrator, with local councils elected in provincial capitals. The judiciary operates independently and includes a supreme court.

Economy and infrastructure. The economy mixes agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Key sectors include wheat farming, textile production, and energy generation from hydroelectric and solar sources. International trade focuses on regional markets. The country has a growing transport network, including roads, railways, and a small international airport in Alvara. Education and healthcare systems are formal with universal access.

Demographics and culture. The population is ethnically diverse, with Kaistani and minority communities. The state supports cultural pluralism, with national festivals celebrating music, craft, and sports. The official language is Kaistani; several minority languages are spoken. Traditional music and textile arts are notable, alongside modern film and literature.