käsihuuhteet

Käsihuuhteet, also known as hand sanitizers or hand rubs, are liquid, gel, or foam products designed to disinfect hands. They are primarily used when soap and water are not available for handwashing. The active ingredient in most hand sanitizers is alcohol, typically ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, at a concentration of at least 60%. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers work by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes of microorganisms, effectively killing a wide range of bacteria and viruses.

The effectiveness of hand sanitizers can vary depending on the formulation and the type of germ. While effective against many common pathogens, they are less effective against certain types of germs, such as norovirus or Clostridium difficile, and are not effective against physical contaminants like dirt or grease. Therefore, handwashing with soap and water remains the preferred method for cleaning hands, especially when visibly soiled.

Non-alcohol-based hand sanitizers exist, often containing antimicrobial compounds like benzalkonium chloride. These are generally less effective than alcohol-based versions and are not recommended by many health organizations. Proper use of hand sanitizer involves applying a sufficient amount to cover all surfaces of the hands and rubbing them together until dry. Overuse or improper application can lead to skin irritation or reduced effectiveness. The use of hand sanitizers is widespread in healthcare settings, public spaces, and for personal hygiene.