juhtmaterjal

Juhtmaterjal refers to the raw materials used in the production of electrical wires and cables. The primary component of most juhtmaterjal is the conductor, which carries electrical current. Copper is the most common conductor material due to its excellent conductivity, flexibility, and resistance to corrosion. Aluminum is another widely used conductor, especially in high-voltage applications and overhead power lines, as it is lighter and less expensive than copper, although it has lower conductivity. Silver, while the most conductive metal, is rarely used for general-purpose wiring due to its high cost.

In addition to the conductor, juhtmaterjal includes insulating materials that prevent the flow of electricity and protect against short circuits and environmental damage. Common insulating materials include various polymers like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). These materials are chosen for their dielectric strength, thermal resistance, and flexibility. In some applications, especially those requiring high temperatures or harsh environments, other materials like rubber or silicone may be used for insulation.

Cables often incorporate additional protective layers or jacketing, which are also considered part of the juhtmaterjal. These can include metallic shields to protect against electromagnetic interference, armor for mechanical protection, or outer sheaths made from durable plastics or rubber compounds to withstand abrasion, moisture, and chemicals. The specific combination of conductor and insulating/protective materials determines the cable's suitability for various electrical and environmental conditions.