jednoroczne

Jednoroczne is a Polish adjective meaning annual, referring to organisms or processes that complete their life cycle within one year. In botany and horticulture, the term is most often used to describe plants whose entire life cycle—from germination to flowering, seed production and death—occurs over a single growing season.

Rośliny jednoroczne, or annual plants, are typically cultivated for a single year of ornamental bloom or crop production. They are planted in spring, often bloom in summer, and die after completing their life cycle, especially in regions with cold winters. This contrasts with biennial plants, which live for two years, and perennials, which survive for multiple growing seasons. In temperate climates, many garden species are treated as annuals because frost prevents them from overwintering, so gardeners replant them each year.

Common examples of rośliny jednoroczne include petunia, nagietek (calendula), zinnia, słonecznik (sunflower), cosmos and lobelia. These plants are valued for rapid color development, predictable performance, and versatility in bedding schemes, window boxes, and container gardening. The term jednoroczne can also describe non-plant contexts that last one year, though in everyday usage it most often specifies a one-year life cycle in plants.