calendula

Calendula, commonly known as pot marigold, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The most widely cultivated species is Calendula officinalis. It is native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia but is now grown and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. Calendula is grown as an ornamental plant as well as a herb for its edible petals and reputed medicinal properties.

A short‑lived herbaceous plant that can reach 30–60 cm in height, it has hairy, erect stems and elongated, slightly wavy leaves. The flower heads comprise yellow to orange ray florets surrounding a central disc of tiny tubular florets. The petals are edible and are often used fresh or dried in salads and as a natural colorant.

Calendula prefers full sun and well‑drained soil; it tolerates moderate drought and poor soils. It is usually sown from seed after the last frost and can self‑seed. Many cultivars vary in color and flower form, from single to double blossoms. Deadheading encourages continued flowering. In gardens it is commonly used as a border, ground cover, or container plant.

Calendula has a long history as an ornamental plant and in herbal and cosmetic preparations. Topical preparations are used for minor skin irritation, wounds, and inflammatory conditions, though clinical evidence is variable. The petals are edible and used to color and flavor foods. The plant contains carotenoids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid esters; the orange color arises from carotenoids. Caution is advised for individuals with allergies to Asteraceae and for internal use without medical supervision.

The genus name Calendula derives from Latin calendus, meaning calendar, reflecting the plant’s long flowering period; the common name pot marigold distinguishes it from the true marigolds of genus Tagetes.