zinnia

Zinnia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, commonly grown as annual ornamentals for bright, long-lasting blooms. The genus contains about two dozen species, with Zinnia elegans being the most widely cultivated. The name honors Johann Gottfried Zinn, a German botanist who described the group in the 18th century.

Zinnias are herbaceous plants that vary in height from about 20 centimeters to over 1.2 meters, and in form from compact to tall. They have opposite leaves and composite flower heads with a central disk surrounded by ray florets in colors that include red, orange, yellow, pink, purple, and white. The flowers are popular for their varied forms, including single and double cultivars.

Native to Mexico and parts of Central America, zinnias are warm-season plants. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil and typically bloom from midsummer through fall in favorable climates. They can be grown from seeds sown indoors or directly outdoors after the last frost. Space plants according to cultivar, commonly 12 to 18 inches apart. Water regularly in dry periods and deadhead to encourage continuous flowering; fertilization is optional.

Pests and diseases can affect zinnias, with powdery mildew, thrips, and aphids among common concerns. Good air circulation, proper spacing, and avoiding overhead irrigation help minimize problems.

Zinnias are popular in garden beds, borders, and containers, and are widely used as cut flowers due to their vase life. They attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies and are regarded as easy-care, versatile plants for warm-season landscapes.