zinnias

Zinnias are flowering plants in the genus Zinnia, in the family Asteraceae. They are herbaceous annuals or short-lived perennials that are widely cultivated for their bright, long-lasting blooms. The genus name honors German botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn.

Native to Mexico and Central America, zinnias were introduced to European horticulture in the 18th century and soon became popular garden flowers. They come in many colors, including red, orange, yellow, pink, purple, and white.

The flowers are composite heads with a central disk surrounded by ray florets. Varieties include single daisy-like types, cactus zinnias with tubular rays, and pompon types with many petals. Plant heights range from dwarf varieties about 6 inches tall to tall cultivars several feet high.

Growing conditions: Zinnias prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They tolerate average garden soil but perform best in moderately fertile, evenly moist conditions. Space plants according to variety, typically 6 to 18 inches apart. Seeds may be sown directly after frost or started indoors.

Care: Deadhead spent blooms and pinch young plants to promote branching. Water at the base to reduce disease risk, and provide support for tall cultivars. Remove diseased leaves and maintain good air circulation.

Pests and diseases include powdery mildew, leaf spot, and rust, as well as aphids and caterpillars. Manage with proper spacing, watering at the soil line, and, if needed, insecticidal soap or targeted fungicides.

Uses: Zinnias are valued for bedding displays, borders, and containers, and they provide long-lasting cut flowers for arrangements. They are enjoyed by pollinators such as bees and butterflies.