itsetunto
Itsetunto is the Finnish term for self-esteem. It refers to a person’s overall sense of worth and value as a human being, including beliefs about one’s competence and right to be treated with respect. Itsetunto is generally considered distinct from itseluottamus, which refers to confidence in handling specific tasks or situations, and from self-efficacy, which is the belief in one’s ability to execute actions to achieve goals.
Development of itsetunto begins in childhood and is shaped by early relationships, feedback from caregivers, and
Assessment typically relies on psychometric tools, such as Finnish versions of established self-esteem scales, alongside qualitative
Strategies to improve itsetunto include therapeutic approaches that reduce harsh self-criticism and foster self-compassion, programs that
Because itsetunto is culturally embedded, Finnish researchers emphasize the importance of valid and culturally appropriate assessment.