iseseisvus

Iseseisvus is a term in Estonian that denotes the condition of being independent: the ability of a political entity to govern itself without external control, and the status of sovereignty recognized by other states. The word is formed from ise- meaning "self" and seisvus meaning "standing" or "position." In political discourse, iseseisvus commonly refers to full political sovereignty rather than limited autonomy.

Historically, iseseisvus is central to Estonian national history. On 24 February 1918, Estonia proclaimed independence following World War I, and the Republic of Estonia was established. Independence Day is observed annually on February 24. In 1940 Estonia was occupied and annexed by the Soviet Union, and from 1940 to 1991 the country did not exercise full sovereignty. The restoration of independence occurred on 20 August 1991, as the Soviet Union dissolved, and was followed by international recognition and the establishment of bilateral relations. Since then, Estonia has reinforced its sovereignty within international institutions, joining the European Union and NATO in 2004, and maintaining a liberal democratic system and market economy.

Beyond Estonia, iseseisvus is used in political science and law to discuss self-government movements, secession, or autonomy claims. It contrasts with forms of constitutional autonomy within a larger state and with external domination.