introverts

Introverts are individuals who tend to prefer lower-stimulation environments and gain energy from solitude or intimate interactions rather than frequent large-group socializing. They typically feel drained after prolonged social activity and recover energy through quiet reflection. This tendency is a personality trait, not a mood disorder, and it exists on a continuum with extraversion.

Historically, the terms introversion and extraversion were popularized by Carl Jung. In contemporary psychology, introversion is treated as a dimension of personality within theories such as the Big Five. The labels do not imply shyness or social anxiety; they describe preferred levels of external stimulation and social energy. Many introverts are capable of sociable behavior, but they often prefer deep, meaningful conversations to casual small talk.

Introversion interacts with culture and context. In some environments, such as quiet workplaces, introverts may excel in tasks requiring focus, analysis, writing, or problem solving. In others, they may experience pressure to be more outgoing. Introversion is common and occurs across cultures and age groups; estimates vary depending on measurement methods.

Common misconceptions portray introverts as antisocial or misfits. In reality, introversion is a normal variation of personality. Distinguishing introversion from social anxiety can help reduce stigma and support diverse social strengths, as many introverts maintain rich social lives, contribute effectively in collaborative settings, and bring strengths in listening, reflection, and solitary work.