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Instrumentalism is a philosophical position that holds that the value of an action, belief, or theory is determined solely by its instrumental value, or the consequences it produces. This perspective is often associated with pragmatism and utilitarianism, which emphasize the importance of outcomes over intrinsic values. Instrumentalism can be applied to various domains, including ethics, epistemology, and aesthetics.

In ethics, instrumentalism suggests that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcomes, such as whether it promotes happiness or well-being. This view contrasts with deontological ethics, which hold that actions are morally right or wrong based on their adherence to moral rules or duties, regardless of their consequences.

In epistemology, instrumentalism about truth holds that the truth of a belief is determined by its instrumental value, such as its ability to predict or explain phenomena. This view is often contrasted with correspondence theories of truth, which hold that truth is a matter of correspondence between beliefs and reality.

In aesthetics, instrumentalism suggests that the value of an artwork is determined by its ability to evoke certain emotions or experiences in the viewer. This view is often contrasted with intrinsic value theories, which hold that artworks have value in and of themselves, independent of their effects on viewers.

Instrumentalism has been influential in various fields, including philosophy, psychology, and economics. However, it has also been criticized for its focus on outcomes and its potential to justify harmful actions if they produce desirable consequences. Despite these criticisms, instrumentalism remains a significant and influential position in contemporary philosophy.