incisie

Incisie is the deliberate surgical cut into tissue, made with a sharp instrument such as a scalpel to gain access to deeper structures, remove tissue, or introduce treatment. The term derives from Latin incisio, meaning “a cutting into,” and in medical usage it is commonly equivalent to the English word incision; some languages use incisie as the standard term.

Indications and planning: The choice of incision depends on the target organ or structure, the required exposure, and cosmetic considerations. Common geometries include linear (straight), curvilinear, and stellate patterns. Incisions are often aligned with skin tension lines (Langer’s lines) to minimize scarring and improve healing. Depth varies with location and purpose, typically traversing skin and subcutaneous tissue and extending to fascia or deeper layers as needed.

Technique and closure: An incision is made after anesthesia and sterile preparation. The surgeon dissects through tissues, controls bleeding, and achieves the necessary exposure. After the procedure, the wound is closed in layers using sutures, staples, or tissue adhesives. Drainage may be employed when indicated to prevent fluid accumulation. Proper handling of tissues and meticulous closure contribute to function and cosmesis.

Healing and outcomes: Incisions heal primarily by primary intention when edges are well approximated. Healing proceeds through inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, with scar formation as the end result. Complications can include infection, hematoma or seroma, wound dehiscence, and suboptimal cosmetic results. Risk factors include impaired perfusion, diabetes, smoking, and infection, and management centers on sterile technique, appropriate closure, and postoperative care.