imunodeficitus

Immunodeficiency is a condition in which the immune system of an individual is impaired, rendering them more susceptible to infections and diseases. Immunodeficiency can be either congenital, present from birth, or acquired, resulting from various factors.

Congenital immunodeficiency involves genetic mutations affecting the immune system, often affecting the functioning of vital immune cells or proteins. Notable examples include Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Acquired immunodeficiency, on the other hand, arises from external factors, including infections, environmental damage, or long-term use of immunosuppressive medications.

Types of immunodeficiency include Primary Immunodeficiency (PIDD), where individuals are born with immune system impairments, and Secondary Immunodeficiency, which results from factors such as infections, cancer, diabetes, or malnutrition. Certain treatments, like chemotherapy and corticosteroids, can also impair the immune system, leading to Secondary Immunodeficiency.

Immunodeficiency increases the risk of recurrent infections, autoimmune diseases, and various cancer types. Individuals with immunodeficiency may experience symptoms such as persistent fever, listlessness, and skin or joint issues. Diagnosis may involve blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, or gene sequencing.

While current treatments cannot fully restore immune function, several options help alleviate symptoms or reduce the risk of infections. Treatments include antimicrobial therapy for acute infections, vaccinations, and immunoglobulin infusions to provide additional antibodies. In severe cases, immunoglobulin administration can provide short-term immune support. Adoption of healthy lifestyle practices, such as regular exercise, balanced diets, and stress management, is recommended for individuals with immunodeficiency. With proper care and monitoring, many individuals with immunodeficiency lead active and productive lives.