hypnotized

Hypnotized refers to a mental state in which a person experiences focused attention and an increased openness to suggestion, typically produced by hypnosis or hypnotic techniques. It is not equivalent to sleep; people who are hypnotized are usually awake and aware, albeit more internally oriented and less distractible. The term hypnotize comes from hypnos, the Greek god of sleep, and the concept was formulated in the 19th century by James Braid, who described a state of nervous sleep brought on by suggestion.

Modern explanations view hypnosis as a guided form of focused attention and social interaction that enhances susceptibility to suggestions. The experience can involve a sense of dissociation or narrowed awareness, and it may alter perception or sensation for some individuals. Neurophysiological research has identified changes in brain networks related to attention, control, and self-processing, but there is no single agreed-upon mechanism.

Hypnosis is typically induced through verbal guidance, imagery, relaxation, and careful pacing. Clinically, it is used as an adjunct in psychotherapy and medical care for pain, anxiety, certain phobias, irritable bowel syndrome, and behavior change such as smoking cessation or weight management. In research, it serves to study perception, memory, and expectation. Stage hypnosis relies more on social influence and participant expectations and is distinct from clinical practice, raising ethical considerations regarding consent and safety.

Effectiveness varies by individual; susceptibility to hypnosis is not universal, and it often depends on expectancy and the rapport between practitioner and participant. Hypnosis is generally considered a complementary tool, not a replacement for evidence-based medical or psychological treatment. Common misconceptions—such as complete loss of control or the exposure of private memories—are inaccurate, as individuals maintain agency and can reject suggestions. Ethical practice emphasizes informed consent and professional training.