hypervitaminóza

Hypervitaminosis refers to the condition of having an excessive level of vitamins in the body, which can lead to toxic effects. This condition is most commonly associated with fat-soluble vitamins, namely vitamins A, D, E, and K, because they are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver. Water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin C and the B vitamins, are generally excreted in urine when consumed in excess, making hypervitaminosis from these less common, though still possible with extremely high doses.

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis vary greatly depending on the specific vitamin involved. For instance, vitamin A toxicity can manifest as headaches, dizziness, nausea, skin peeling, and in severe cases, liver damage or birth defects. Vitamin D overdose can cause hypercalcemia, leading to kidney stones, bone pain, and gastrointestinal issues. Vitamin E toxicity may increase the risk of bleeding, while vitamin K excess can interfere with anticoagulant medications.

The primary cause of hypervitaminosis is excessive intake, usually through high-dose supplements rather than diet alone. Consuming very large quantities of fortified foods or certain animal products can also contribute. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests measuring vitamin levels and by assessing the patient's reported intake. Treatment involves discontinuing the offending supplement and managing any resulting symptoms or complications. Prevention relies on adhering to recommended daily allowances for vitamins and consulting healthcare professionals before taking high-dose supplements.